Publications by authors named "A O Caglayan"
The hypothalamus plays an important role in aging, but it remains unclear regarding the underlying epigenetics and whether this hypothalamic basis can help address aging-related diseases. Here, by comparing mouse hypothalamus with two other limbic system components, we show that the hypothalamus is characterized by distinctively high-level DNA methylation during young age and by the distinct dynamics of DNA methylation and demethylation when approaching middle age. On the other hand, age-related DNA methylation in these limbic system components commonly and sensitively applies to genes in hypothalamic regulatory pathways, notably oxytocin (OXT) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is characterized with higher EMT/stemness properties and immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Women with advanced TNBC exhibit aggressive disease and have limited treatment options. Although immune suppressive TME is implicated in driving aggressive properties of basal/TNBC subtype and therapy resistance, effectively targeting it remains a challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSome patients with schizophrenia fail to respond to standard antipsychotics and are considered treatment-resistant. In these cases, clozapine is the only antipsychotic with proven efficacy, but its use is complicated by severe adverse effects, complex monitoring requirements, and non-response. Variation within the CYP450 enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19 has been linked to the differential metabolism of antipsychotics.
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- Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is crucial for determining the prognosis in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and the study focuses on how certain clinical and pathological factors influence LNM in patients.
- Among 150 patients analyzed after thyroid surgery, the majority had papillary thyroid carcinoma, with key findings indicating that larger tumors (greater than 11.5 mm) and extrathyroidal extension (ETE) were strongly associated with a higher likelihood of LNM.
- The study concludes that features like ETE, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), positive surgical margins, and tumor size are significant indicators of LNM, highlighting the need for careful monitoring of patients who may have undetected metastases before surgery.
Clinical and Molecular Analysis in Patients with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome.
Turk J Gastroenterol
March 2024
Article Synopsis
- Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare genetic disorder linked to heightened cancer risk, primarily due to mutations in the STK11 gene, with a study focusing on its manifestations and genetic profiles among 20 patients across 14 families.
- The research found that typical symptoms began around 18.9 years of age, with common issues including abdominal pain and specific polyps; 85% of patients had mucocutaneous lesions, and dysplastic polyps were present in some cases, leading to a few malignancies.
- The study successfully identified multiple pathogenic mutations, including 3 novel variants, and achieved high diagnostic rates with genetic testing; notable findings indicate that patients without mutations tend to show later symptom