Pharmacokinetics and safety of propiverine in patients with fatty liver disease.

Objective: The present study was designed to assess the pharmacokinetics of propiverine after single and multiple dosing in patients with and without fatty liver disease.

Methods: The serum concentration-time curves of propiverine and its main metabolite propiverine-N-oxide were investigated in 12 patients with mild to moderate impairment of liver function (mean antipyrine clearance 26.0 ml x min(-1)) and in 12 controls (antipyrine clearance 42.

Pharmacokinetics and safety of candesartan cilexetil in subjects with normal and impaired liver function.

Objective: The influence of liver disease on the pharmacokinetics of candesartan, a long-acting selective AT1 subtype angiotensin II receptor antagonist was studied.

Methods: Twelve healthy subjects and 12 patients with mild to moderate liver impairment received a single oral dose of 12 mg of candesartan cilexetil on day 1 and once-daily doses of 12 mg on days 3-7. The drug was taken before breakfast.

Pharmacokinetics of imidapril and its active metabolite imidaprilat following single dose and during steady state in patients with chronic renal failure.

Objective: An open study on the single dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of imidapril, a novel prodrug-type angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and its active metabolite imidaprilat was conducted in eight patients with moderate chronic renal failure [mean creatinine clearance (CL(CR)) 64 ml x min(-1); range 42-77 ml x min(-1)], eight patients with severe chronic renal failure (mean CL(CR), 18 ml x min(-1); range 11-29 ml x min(-1)) and eight healthy volunteers with normal renal function. Subjects received an oral dose of 10 mg imidapril once per day for 7 days.

Results: No statistical differences of either maximum concentration (Cmax) or the area under the curve (AUC) were found between patients with moderate renal failure and healthy subjects.

Pharmacokinetics of imidapril and its active metabolite imidaprilat following single dose and during steady state in patients with impaired liver function.

Objective: The possible influence of impaired liver function on the pharmacokinetic disposition of imidapril, a novel prodrug type angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and its active metabolite, imidaprilat, was investigated.

Methods: Eight subjects with normal liver function and eight patients with liver dysfunction received an oral dose of 10 mg imidapril once daily for 7 days.

Results: Plasma imidapril concentrations after single and, although less pronounced, after repeated dosing were higher in the liver disease patients, whereas imidaprilat concentrations were lower.

Bunazosin in patients with impaired hepatic or renal function.

Following a single oral dose of 6 mg bunazosin, a novel alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, the pharmacokinetics and blood pressure behaviour of 37 patients were studied. 12 subjects had normal renal and hepatic function (mean creatinine clearance (GFR) 107 +/- 240 ml/min, antipyrine clearance (AP Cl) 47 +/- 10.2 ml/min; x +/- SD), 13 subjects had impaired renal function (mean GFR 38 +/- 11.