Double superior vena cava: presentation of two cases and review of the literature.

Various anomalies in the development of the great thoracic veins of the embryo can be incidentally discovered in the normal adult. Duplication of superior vena cava (SVC) is a rare abnormality, but the most common thoracic venous congenital anomaly. We present two cases in the intensive care unit of our hospital, of asymptomatic patients who underwent an uneventful central line placement in the left subclavian vein.

Role of diaphragm in pancreaticopleural fistula.

A pancreatic pleural effusion may result from a pancreatopleural fistula. We herein discuss two interesting issues in a similar case report of a pleural effusion caused after splenectomy, which was recently published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. Pancreatic exudate passes directly through a natural hiatus in the diaphragm or by direct penetration through the dome of the diaphragm from a neighboring subdiaphragmatic collection.

Bilateral congenital anterior diaphragmatic hernia: a case report.

The anteromedial diaphragmatic hernias of Morgagni and Larrey are the least common defects that occur in this organ. Simultaneous occurrence has been described but remains an absolute rarity. We herein present a case of this bilateral herniation with a unique presentation.