Dynein functions in galectin-3 mediated processes of clathrin-independent endocytosis.

Multiple endocytic processes operate in cells in tandem to uptake multiple cargoes involved in diverse cellular functions, including cell adhesion and migration. The best-studied clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) involves the formation of a well-defined cytoplasmic clathrin coat to facilitate cargo uptake. According to the glycolipid-lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis, galectin-3 (Gal3) binds to glycosylated membrane receptors and glycosphingolipids (GSLs) to drive membrane bending and tubular membrane invaginations that undergo scission to form a morphologically distinct class of uptake structures, termed clathrin-independent carriers (CLICs).

Effect of Single Acupuncture Point (Liver 7) on Pain and Range of Motion on Osteoarthritis of Knee.

Background: : Osteoarthritis of the knee (OAK) is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disorder that strongly affects the elderly population and decreases their quality of life. Pain, stiffness, and restricted knee movements are the major characteristic features of OAK. There are no studies available on the effect of the liver 7 (LR 7) acupuncture point on pain and range of motion.

Cationic lipid modification of DNA tetrahedral nanocages enhances their cellular uptake.

Self-assembled DNA nanocages are among the most promising candidates for bioimaging and payload delivery into cells. DNA nanocages have great potential to efficiently address drug resistance and nucleic acid delivery problems due to precise control of their shape and size, and excellent biocompatibility. Although DNA nanostructures demonstrate some cellular uptake, because they bear a highly negative charge, the uptake of tetrahedral nanostructures is hindered by electrostatic repulsion.

The roles of dynein and myosin VI motor proteins in endocytosis.

Endocytosis is indispensable for multiple cellular processes, including signalling, cell adhesion, migration, as well as the turnover of plasma membrane lipids and proteins. The dynamic interplay and regulation of different endocytic entry routes requires multiple cytoskeletal elements, especially motor proteins that bind to membranes and transport vesicles along the actin and microtubule cytoskeletons. Dynein and kinesin motor proteins transport vesicles along microtubules, whereas myosins drive vesicles along actin filaments.

Theory of unpinning of spiral waves using circularly polarized electric fields in mathematical models of excitable media.

Spiral waves of excitation are common in many physical, chemical, and biological systems. In physiological systems like the heart, such waves can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and need to be eliminated. Spiral waves anchor to heterogeneities in the excitable medium, and to eliminate them they need to be unpinned first.