Development of a reference standard to assign bacterial versus viral infection etiology using an all-inclusive methodology for comparison of novel diagnostic tool performance.

Background: Diagnostic test evaluation requires a reference standard. We describe an approach for creating a reference standard for acute infection using unrestricted adjudication and apply it to compare biomarker tools.

Methods: Adults and children with suspected acute infection enrolled in three prospective studies at emergency departments and urgent cares were included.

Structure-function analyses of human TRPV6 ancestral and derived haplotypes.

TRPV6 is a Ca selective channel that mediates calcium uptake in the gut and contributes to the development and progression of human cancers. TRPV6 is represented by the ancestral and derived haplotypes that differ by three non-synonymous polymorphisms, located in the N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (C157R), S1-S2 extracellular loop (M378V), and C-terminus (M681T). The ancestral and derived haplotypes were proposed to serve as genomic factors causing a different outcome for cancer patients of African ancestry.

Clinical outcomes of immunomodulation therapy in immunocompromised patients with severe Covid-19 and high oxygen requirement.

Covid-19 disease is implicated in increased mortality among immunocompromised patients. The JAK inhibitor, baricitinib (bar), or the IL-6 inhibitor, tocilizumab (toc), demonstrated a survival benefit in patients with severe disease.However, evidence supporting their use in immunocompromised patients with severe Covid-19 is scarce.

Dynamic molecular portraits of ion-conducting pores characterize functional states of TRPV channels.

Structural biology is solving an ever-increasing number of snapshots of ion channel conformational ensembles. Deciphering ion channel mechanisms, however, requires understanding the ensemble dynamics beyond the static structures. Here, we present a molecular modeling-based approach characterizing the ion channel structural intermediates, or their "dynamic molecular portraits", by assessing water and ion conductivity along with the detailed evaluation of pore hydrophobicity and residue packing.

TRPV3 activation by different agonists accompanied by lipid dissociation from the vanilloid site.

TRPV3 represents both temperature- and ligand-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. Physiologically relevant opening of TRPV3 channels by heat has been captured structurally, while opening by agonists has only been observed in structures of mutant channels. Here, we present cryo-EM structures that illuminate opening and inactivation of wild-type human TRPV3 in response to binding of two types of agonists: either the natural cannabinoid tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) or synthetic agonist 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB).