Towards a zero liquid discharge process from brine treatment: Water recovery, nitrate electrochemical elimination and potential valorization of hydrogen and salts.

This research addresses the issues related with treatment and valorization of brines and nitrate decontamination of surface and ground waters. The objective was to approximate to zero liquid discharge (ZLD) minimizing the environmental impact of brines of an electrodialysis reversal water treatment plant (EDRWTP) as an example. The innovative in flow process was developed from lab to pre-industrial scale and joined several main concepts: ion-exchange equilibrium for softening or demineralization of brines; reversed osmosis to recover suitable water and to enrich the waste in nitrate for efficient electrochemical reduction of NO to N; valorization of subproducts by direct use or by precipitation; and assessment of the whole process by measuring in-line several parameters.

[Abdominal ultrasound course an introduction to the ultrasound technique. Physical basis. Ultrasound language].

Ultrasound is a non-invasive, accessible, and versatile diagnostic technique that uses high frequency ultrasound waves to define outline the organs of the human body, with no ionising radiation, in real time and with the capacity to visual several planes. The high diagnostic yield of the technique, together with its ease of uses plus the previously mentioned characteristics, has currently made it a routine method in daily medical practice. It is for this reason that the multidisciplinary character of this technique is being strengthened every day.

[Analysis of the training and teaching situation of anaesthesiology and resuscitation tutors in Spain: a proposal for improvement].

Objectives: To determine the current situation of the tutors in our specialty as regards resident/tutor ratios, times they have available to develop their work, the training that they have received to perform their function, and whether this is recognised by official bodies, other than by their own hospital. Furthermore, to determine the teaching and research work taught to the residents through the sessions, as well as their participation in publications per year. To find out their opinion of the tutors as regards unifying training contents, whether or not they have objective tests on finishing their residency, and their willingness to take part in the project promoted by the Teaching Section of SEDAR to carry out a common minimum theoretical-practical programme throughout the whole of Spain.