Satiety Hormone LEAP2 After Low-Calorie Diet With/Without Endobarrier Insertion in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Context: The liver/foregut satiety hormone liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is an inverse agonist at the acyl ghrelin receptor (GHSR), increasing after food intake and decreasing after bariatric surgery and short-term nonsurgical weight loss, but effects of long-term dietary weight loss are unknown.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine and compare the effects of these interventions on fasting and postprandial plasma LEAP2 and investigate potential metabolic mediators of changes in plasma LEAP2.

Methods: Plasma LEAP2 was measured in a previously published 2-year trial comparing standard medical management (SMM) (including 600-kcal/day deficit) with duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL, Endobarrier) insertion (explanted after 1 year) in adults with obesity and inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Processing of self-related thoughts in experienced users of classic psychedelics: A source localisation EEG study.

Background: Psychedelics have gained increasing interest in scientific research due to their ability to induce profound alterations in perception, emotional processing and self-consciousness. However, the research regarding the functioning of individuals who use psychedelics in naturalistic contexts remains limited.

Aims: Here we aim to explore psychological and neurophysiological differences between naturalistic psychedelics users and non-users in terms of processing of self-related thoughts.

Distinct features of PsbS essential for mediating plant photoprotection.

For optimum photosynthetic productivity, it is crucial for plants to swiftly transition between light-harvesting and photoprotective states as light conditions change in the field. The PsbS protein plays a pivotal role in this process by switching the light-harvesting antenna, light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), into the photoprotective state, energy-dependent chlorophyll fluorescence quenching (qE), to avoid photoinhibition in high-light environments. However, the molecular mechanism by which PsbS acts upon LHCII has remained unclear.

Ab initio framework for deciphering trade-off relationships in multi-component alloys.

While first-principles methods have been successfully applied to characterize individual properties of multi-principal element alloys (MPEA), their use in searching for optimal trade-offs between competing properties is hampered by high computational demands. In this work, we present a framework to explore Pareto-optimal compositions by integrating advanced ab initio-based techniques into a Bayesian multi-objective optimization workflow, complemented by a simple analytical model providing straightforward analysis of trends. We benchmark the framework by applying it to solid solution strengthening and ductility of refractory MPEAs, with the parameters of the strengthening and ductility models being efficiently computed using a combination of the coherent-potential approximation method, accounting for finite-temperature effects, and actively-learned moment-tensor potentials parameterized with ab initio data.

Measurement of the Pion Form Factor with CMD-3 Detector and Its Implication to the Hadronic Contribution to Muon (g-2).

The cross section of the process e^{+}e^{-}→π^{+}π^{-} has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 0.32 to 1.2 GeV with the CMD-3 detector at the electron-positron collider VEPP-2000.