The Double Donut: A Safe and Simple Option for Immediate Nipple Areolar Complex Reconstruction in Skin-Sparing Mastectomy Patients With Contraindications to Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy.

Background: Restoration of the nipple areolar complex (NAC) has been shown to improve quality of life (QoL) in post-mastectomy patients. Despite expansion of nipplesparing mastectomy inclusion criteria, many patients remain ineligible and are relegated to bilateral skin-sparing mastectomy. In this study, we evaluated immediate NAC reconstruction with the double donut areolar graft and split nipple composite graft reconstruction (DDSNS).

Enhanced direct-drive implosions with thin high-Z ablation layers.

New direct-drive spherical implosion experiments with deuterium filled plastic shells have demonstrated significant and absolute (2x) improvements in neutron yield when the shells are coated with a very thin layer ( approximately 200-400 A) of high-Z material such as palladium. This improvement is interpreted as resulting from increased stability of the imploding shell. These results provide for a possible path to control laser imprint and stability in laser-fusion-energy target designs.