Age- and sex-specific care cascades to detect gaps in the care of children with tuberculosis in Bangladesh: a cohort study.

Background: Programmatic interventions to increase the detection of children with tuberculosis (TB) are rarely evaluated to understand age- and sex-specific completion rates. We applied modified TB screening and treatment cascade frameworks to assess indicators of effective implementation by age and sex of a TB screening program for children (zero to 14 years) in Bangladesh.

Methods: We implemented an intensified screening program for paediatric TB detection in 119 health care facilities (2018-21).

Performance of Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4o in the Adult Clinical Cardiology Self-Assessment Program.

Aims: This study evaluates the performance of OpenAI's latest large language model (LLM), Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4o, on the Adult Clinical Cardiology Self-Assessment Program (ACCSAP).

Methods And Results: Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer-4o was tested on 639 ACCSAP questions, excluding 45 questions containing video clips, resulting in 594 questions for analysis. The questions included a mix of text-based and static image-based [electrocardiogram (ECG), angiogram, computed tomography (CT) scan, and echocardiogram] formats.

Cohort profile: the BangladEsh Longitudinal Investigation of Emerging Vascular and nonvascular Events (BELIEVE) cohort study.

Purpose: Bangladesh has experienced a rapid epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in recent decades. There is, however, limited evidence about multidimensional determinants of NCDs in this population. The BangladEsh Longitudinal Investigation of Emerging Vascular and nonvascular Events (BELIEVE) study is a household-based prospective cohort study established to investigate biological, behavioural, environmental and broader determinants of NCDs.

Cripto-1 acts as a molecular bridge linking nodal to ALK4 via distinct structural domains.

The TGF-β family ligand Nodal is an essential regulator of embryonic development, orchestrating key processes such as germ layer specification and body axis formation through activation of SMAD2/3-mediated signaling. Significantly, this activation requires the co-receptor Cripto-1. However, despite their essential roles in embryogenesis, the molecular mechanism through which Cripto-1 enables Nodal to activate the SMAD2/3 pathway has remained elusive.

Professionalism and Ethics in Medical and Dental Education: A Survey of Student Perceptions and Experiences.

Background: Professionalism and ethical behavior are critical components of medical practice, yet gaps in ethical education among medical students remain a concern. This study addresses the need to assess perceptions and experiences regarding professionalism among medical students.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate medical students' awareness, perceptions, and experiences related to professionalism and ethical practices.