Effects of ionizing radiation on osteoblastic cells: In vitro insights into the etiopathogenesis of osteoradionecrosis.

Objective: This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effects of ionizing radiation on immortalized human osteoblast-like cells (SaOS-2) and further assess their cellular response in co-culture with fibroblasts. These analyses, conducted in both monoculture and co-culture, are based on two theoretical models of osteoradionecrosis - the theory of hypoxia and cellular necrosis and the theory of the radiation-induced fibroatrophic process.

Design: SaOS-2 cells were exposed to ionizing radiation and evaluated for cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, cellular morphology, wound healing, and gene expression related to the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.

Early assessment of IL8 and PD1+ Treg predicts response and guides treatment monitoring in cemiplimab-treated cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose: Anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1) is the first-choice treatment in patients with advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), when curative options are unavailable. However, reliable biomarkers for patient selection are still lacking.

Experimental Design: In this translational study, clinical annotations, tissue and liquid biopsies were acquired to investigate the association between sustained objective responses and transcriptional profiles, immune cell dynamics in tumor tissue and peripheral blood samples, as well as circulating cytokine levels.

First evidence of molecular response of the shrimp Hippolyte inermis to biodegradable microplastics.

The increasing demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics has propelled the interest in bioplastics. A few papers reported on the effects of plastics on crustaceans, but no indication about biodegradable polymers is available. Hippolyte inermis Leach, 1816 is a protandric shrimp commonly living on leaves of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, in the Mediterranean Sea.

Betaine lipids: Biosynthesis, functional diversity and evolutionary perspectives.

Betaine lipids (BL) are relatively understudied non‑phosphorus glycerolipids. They are predominantly found in algae but have also been detected in other unicellular eukaryotes, fungi, bacteria, and some bryophytes and pteridophytes. These extraplastidial lipids are considered as substitute for phospholipids in organisms, particularly under phosphate (Pi) deficiency.

Supplements in Oncology: Uses, Hurdles, Guidance, and Future Perspectives.

This editorial explores the intricate landscape of supplement use in oncology, highlighting the growing interest and challenges surrounding their integration into cancer care. It discusses the disparity in regulatory oversight between supplements and pharmaceutical drugs, the blurred lines in their classification, and the ethical complexities in patient-doctor communication. The importance of transparency, shared decision-making, and realistic expectations is emphasized.