The German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) annually archives 24-h urine samples since the early 1980s. In this study, we analyzed 420 of these samples from the years 2014 to 2022 for metabolites of 18 phthalates and two substitutes. We merged the new data with the data from previous measurement campaigns to a combined dataset of 1825 samples covering a 35-year period from 1988 to 2022 to investigate time trends, calculate daily intakes and perform an anti-androgenic mixture risk assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Phthalates are ubiquitous in the environment. Despite short half-lives, chronic exposure can lead to endocrine disruption. The safety of phthalate substitute DINCH is unclear.
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