Leaf abaxial and adaxial surfaces differentially affect the interaction of Botrytis cinerea across several eudicots.

Eudicot plant species have leaves with two surfaces: the lower abaxial and the upper adaxial surface. Each surface varies in a diversity of components and molecular signals, resulting in potentially different degrees of resistance to pathogens. We tested how Botrytis cinerea, a necrotroph fungal pathogen, interacts with the two different leaf surfaces across 16 crop species and 20 Arabidopsis genotypes.

The ease and complexity of identifying and using specialized metabolites for crop engineering.

Plants produce a broad variety of specialized metabolites with distinct biological activities and potential applications. Despite this potential, most biosynthetic pathways governing specialized metabolite production remain largely unresolved across the plant kingdom. The rapid advancement of genetics and biochemical tools has enhanced our ability to identify plant specialized metabolic pathways.

Intraocular pressure elevation after simple pars plana vitrectomy.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to determine the incidence, timing, and severity of variability in the intraocular pressures (IOPs) from baseline after simple pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods: A prospective study was performed in 25 consecutive patients undergoing simple pars plana vitrectomy. Intraocular pressures were measured before surgery, immediately after surgery, and then at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery.

Association of bone mineral density and sex hormone levels with osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in premenopausal women.

Mechanical stress on the cartilage and metabolic and/or hormonal influences have been suggested as possible etiologic factors for osteoarthritis. This paper reports findings from data collected in 1992 that were used to examine associations between osteoarthritis and risk factors in 573 Caucasian women aged 24-45 years from the Michigan Bone Health Study. Radiographs of the dominant hand and both knees were evaluated using the Kellgren and Lawrence grading scale.