Non-intravenous carbapenem-sparing antibiotics for definitive treatment of bacteraemia due to Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC β-lactamase: A propensity score study.

Carbapenems are considered the treatment of choice for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- or AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia. Data on the effectiveness of non-intravenous carbapenem-sparing antibiotic options are limited. This study compared the 30-day mortality and clinical failure associated with the use of carbapenems versus alternative non-intravenous antibiotics for the definitive treatment of ESBL/AmpC-positive Enterobacteriaceae bacteraemia.

Impact on mortality of adherence to evidence-based interventions in patients with catheter-related bloodstream infection due to methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated improved survival when the management of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (BSI) is compliant with evidence-based therapeutic interventions. Whether this effect extends to low-risk sources, such as catheter-related BSI, remains unclear.

Methods: We retrospectively included 225 episodes of methicillin-sensitive S.

Vitamin D deficiency and infection risk in kidney transplant recipients: A single-center cohort study.

Background: Recent studies have reported an increased susceptibility to infection among vitamin D-deficient kidney transplant (KT) recipients, although methodological concerns remain.

Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in 246 KT recipients at post-transplant months 1, 3, 6 and 12. Vitamin D status was analysed in terms of deficiency (Endocrine Society [<20 ng/mL] and Institute of Medicine [IoM, <12 ng/mL] criteria) and as a continuous variable.

Comparison of the clinical course of Clostridium difficile infection in glutamate dehydrogenase-positive toxin-negative patients diagnosed by PCR to those with a positive toxin test.

Objectives: To evaluate the potential role of PCR-based assays in the over-diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) by using a validated diagnostic algorithm in daily clinical practice.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study evaluating all C. difficile-positive stool samples identified at our institution during a 12-month period, to compare outcomes and recurrence rates between patients with a positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for both glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and toxin A/B ('toxin-positive group'), with those with GDH-positive, toxin-negative samples in whom the diagnosis was made by a positive PCR-based assay ('toxin/PCR group').

Risk factors for bacteremia in urinary tract infections attended in the emergency department.

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are common in emergency departments (ED), and at least 15% of them are bacteremic. However, there are few data on how to predict which patients are at high risk of developing bacteremic UTI (b-UTI). We performed a retrospective observational cohort study including patients diagnosed with UTI who were admitted to the ED of a tertiary-care hospital in Spain.