Differences in medial temporal network intrinsic connectivity after a single bout of exercise relate to fitness, memory, and affect.

Introduction: Chronic exercise has been linked to structural and functional changes in the hippocampus and surrounding areas. However, less is known about how a single session of exercise can induce immediate effects that may contribute to these long-term changes.

Objective/methods: Resting-state fMRI was used to investigate changes in brain networks 19 min after a 20-min bout of vigorous-intensity acute exercise.

Physical activity and hippocampal volume in young adults.

Evidence from previous studies suggests that physical activity (PA) may contribute to functional and structural changes in the hippocampus throughout the lifespan. However, there is limited evidence available regarding the young adult population. Additionally, the personality traits that may influence this association remain unclear.

Relevance of the anterior cingulate cortex volume and personality in motivated physical activity behaviors.

Some recent theories about the origins and maintenance of regular physical activity focus on the rewards of the properties of practicing this activity. Animal and human studies have demonstrated that mesolimbic dopamine plays a crucial role in the involvement in voluntary physical activity. Here, we test this possible role in a sample of 66 right-handed healthy young adults by studying the influence of personality and the volume of reward-related brain areas on individual differences in voluntary physical activity, objectively measured by accelerometer and subjectively self-reported by questionnaire.

Brain-anatomy image data set for problem solving associated with reversal error: Volumetric data.

Reversal Error (RE) is a common error in algebra problem solving. This error occurs when students recognize the information in the statement but make mistakes when translating some sentences from natural language to algebraic language, reversing the relationship between two variables in comparison word problems. Structural Magnetic Resonance Image (sMRI) data were collected with the purpose of identifying brain anatomical regions related to the RE phenomenon.

Two different brain networks underlying picture naming with familiar pre-existing native words and new vocabulary.

The present research used fMRI to longitudinally investigate the impact of learning new vocabulary on the activation pattern of the language control network by measuring BOLD signal changes during picture naming tasks with familiar pre-existing native words (old words) and new vocabulary. Nineteen healthy participants successfully learned new synonyms for already known Spanish words, and they performed a picture naming task using the old words and the new words immediately after learning and two weeks after learning. The results showed that naming with old words, compared to naming with newly learned words, produced activations in a cortical network involving frontal and parietal regions, whereas the opposite contrast showed activation in a broader cortical/subcortical network, including the SMA/ACC, the hippocampus, and the midbrain.