[The diagnostic and surgical problems in chronic pancreatitis due to biliary calculosis].

Proceeding from personal clinical experience gained during many years of studies, the authors discuss the diagnostic and surgical problems of biliopancreatitis. In recent years biliary calculosis has been basic etiologic factor in 70 per cent of the cases; 76.8 per cent of the patients had complaints of long standing, while in the rest the history was shorter.

[Hemorrhage from esophageal varices].

Bleeding from varicose veins (VV) of the esophagus remains a serious therapeutic problem to date. From experience in operative treatment of 164 and nonoperative management of 33 patients the authors discuss the modern trends of the treatment of this disease. New drugs are applied to reduce pressure in the portal system, on the one hand, and new operative techniques are studied, on the other.

[Sphincter-sparing operations in rectal cancer].

Data on 564 patients who underwent operation for cancer of the rectum are analysed. Amputation of the rectum was resorted to most frequently because of the low localization of the neoplastic process in the majority of patients. Mortality was higher in amputation than in anterior resection of the rectum.

[Surgical procedures in duodenal ulcer hemorrhage].

Analysis was made of 893 patients operated for duodenal ulcer. Of these, 872 (97.6 per cent) were operated as nonemergency planned patients; the outcome was fatal in 5 (0.