Prevention of Cardiorenal Complications with Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter Type 2 Inhibitors: A Narrative Review.

Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are the most frequent first cardiorenal conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), which can be exacerbated by other comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity. To improve their clinical outcomes, patients with T2D need to achieve and maintain glycemic targets, as well as prevent cardiorenal disease onset and progression. Several clinical trials evaluating the sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, and ertugliflozin have shown consistent risk reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events and/or hospitalization for HF, together with lower risk of kidney disease progression.

Prevalence of Malnutrition and Nutritional Characteristics of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: This study sought to determine the prevalence of malnutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, to analyse the dietary beliefs and behaviours of these patients, to study their body composition, to evaluate their muscular strength and to identify the factors associated with malnutrition in these patients.

Methods: This was a prospective, multicentre study. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients from 30 Spanish centres, from the outpatient clinics, were included.

Safety and efficacy of repaglinide in combination with metformin and bedtime NPH insulin as an insulin treatment regimen in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the association of repaglinide, metformin and bedtime NPH insulin compared to two classic regimens: metformin plus NPH and two doses of NPH in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes despite two or more oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs).

Patients And Methods: Random, parallel and open study of 24 weeks with 37 patients randomized into three therapeutic groups: group A (n=12) (repaglinide/metformin/NPH), group B (n=12) (metformin/NPH) and group C (n=13) (NPH/NPH). The insulin was adjusted in the visits to obtain a basal blood glucose <110 mg/dl.

Effects of marathon running on plasma total homocysteine concentrations.

Aims: There is evidence of an excess of acute cardiovascular (CV) events in marathon runners. High plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentrations are a recognised risk factor for CV events. Therefore, we investigated the changes in plasma tHcy concentrations 24h before and after a marathon race.

Lipoprotein phenotype and insulin resistance in familial combined hyperlipidemia.

The study objective was to investigate the relationship of insulin resistance (IR) with the lipoprotein phenotype in familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH). Thirty-seven FCH men diagnosed by clinical and biochemical criteria and classified as lipoprotein phenotype IIa (n = 9), IIb (n = 17), or IV (n = 11) were compared with a healthy control group of 30 men of similar age, body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In all subjects, the plasma lipoprotein profile and baseline and post-oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin plasma values were measured.