How Explainable Artificial Intelligence Can Increase or Decrease Clinicians' Trust in AI Applications in Health Care: Systematic Review.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has significant potential in clinical practice. However, its "black box" nature can lead clinicians to question its value. The challenge is to create sufficient trust for clinicians to feel comfortable using AI, but not so much that they defer to it even when it produces results that conflict with their clinical judgment in ways that lead to incorrect decisions.

AI and XAI second opinion: the danger of false confirmation in human-AI collaboration.

Can AI substitute a human physician's second opinion? Recently the published two contrasting views: Kempt and Nagel advocate for using artificial intelligence (AI) for a second opinion except when its conclusions significantly diverge from the initial physician's while Jongsma and Sand argue for a second human opinion irrespective of AI's concurrence or dissent. The crux of this debate hinges on the prevalence and impact of 'false confirmation'-a scenario where AI erroneously validates an incorrect human decision. These errors seem exceedingly difficult to detect, reminiscent of heuristics akin to confirmation bias.

The First Swedish Outbreak with VIM-2-Producing , Occurring between 2006 and 2007, Was Probably Due to Contaminated Hospital Sinks.

Multidrug-resistant is an increasing clinical problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the first outbreak of a Verona integron-borne metallo-ß-lactamase (VIM)-2-producing strain in Sweden and its expansion in the region. A cluster of multidrug-resistant appeared at two neighbouring hospitals in 2006.