Retrotransposon and gene activation in wheat in response to mycotoxigenic and non-mycotoxigenic-associated Fusarium stress.

Despite inhibition of protein synthesis being its mode of action, the trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) induced accumulation of transcripts encoding translation elongation factor 1alpha (EF-1alpha), class III plant peroxidase (POX), structure specific recognition protein, basic leucine zipper protein transcription factor (bZIP), retrotransposon-like homologs and genes of unknown function in the roots of wheat cultivars CM82036 and Remus. Fusarium head blight (FHB) studies using Fusarium graminearum and its trichothecene-minus (Tri5 ( - )) mutant derivative and adult plant DON tests showed that these transcripts were responsive to both mycotoxigenic- and non-mycotoxigenic-associated Fusarium stress. In tests using the parents 'CM82036', 'Remus' and 14 double-haploid progeny that segregated for quantitative trait locus (QTL) Fhb1 on chromosome 3BS (syn.

Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in extant Irish horse populations and in ancient horses.

Equine mitochondrial DNA sequence variation was investigated in three indigenous Irish horse populations (Irish Draught Horse, Kerry Bog Pony and Connemara Pony) and, for context, in 69 other horse populations. There was no evidence of Irish Draught Horse or Connemara Pony sequence clustering, although the majority of Irish Draught Horse sequences (47%) were assigned to haplogroup D. Conversely, 31% of the Kerry Bog Pony sequences were assigned to the rare haplogroup E.

Evidence for biogeographic patterning of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Eastern horse populations.

Equine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) phylogeny reconstruction reveals a complex pattern of variation unlike that seen in other large domesticates. It is likely that this pattern reflects a process of multiple and repeated, although not necessarily independent, domestication events. Until now, no clear geographic affiliation of clades has been apparent.