Transplantation of gasdermin pores by extracellular vesicles propagates pyroptosis to bystander cells.

Pyroptosis mediated by gasdermins (GSDMs) plays crucial roles in infection and inflammation. Pyroptosis triggers the release of inflammatory molecules, including damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). However, the consequences of pyroptosis-especially beyond interleukin (IL)-1 cytokines and DAMPs-that govern inflammation are poorly defined.

Microbiome-derived bacterial lipids regulate gene expression of proinflammatory pathway inhibitors in systemic monocytes.

How the microbiome regulates responses of systemic innate immune cells is unclear. In the present study, our purpose was to document a novel mechanism by which the microbiome mediates crosstalk with the systemic innate immune system. We have identified a family of microbiome -derived lipopeptides-the serine-glycine (S/G) lipids, which are TLR2 ligands, access the systemic circulation, and regulate proinflammatory responses of splenic monocytes.

Capturing the multifaceted function of adipose tissue macrophages.

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) bolster obesity-induced metabolic dysfunction and represent a targetable population to lessen obesity-associated health risks. However, ATMs also facilitate adipose tissue function through multiple actions, including adipocyte clearance, lipid scavenging and metabolism, extracellular remodeling, and supporting angiogenesis and adipogenesis. Thus, high-resolution methods are needed to capture macrophages' dynamic and multifaceted functions in adipose tissue.

Extracellular RNAs from immune cells under obesity-a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Obesity affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide and is characterized by chronic inflammation and insulin resistance, leading to Type II diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are among the components which effect immune actions under obese conditions, and technological advances in recent years have rapidly increased our understanding of their roles and functions. Here we review essential background information on exRNAs and vesicles as well as the impact of immune-derived exRNAs in obesity-related disease.