Insulin oxidation and oxidative modifications alter glucose uptake, cell metabolism, and inflammatory secretion profiles.

Insulin participates in glucose homeostasis in the body and regulates glucose, protein, and lipid metabolism. Chronic hyperglycemia triggers oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidized insulin variants. Oxidative protein modifications can cause functional changes or altered immunogenicity as known from the context of autoimmune disorders.

Reactive Species Risk Assessment Using Optimized HET-CAM Safety Evaluation of Feed Gas-Modified Gas Plasma Technology and Anticancer Drugs.

Clinical therapies, including dermatology and oncology, require safe application. In vitro experiments allow only limited conclusions about in vivo effects, while animal studies in, e.g.

A genetic screen to uncover mechanisms underlying lipid transfer protein function at membrane contact sites.

Lipid transfer proteins mediate the transfer of lipids between organelle membranes, and the loss of function of these proteins has been linked to neurodegeneration. However, the mechanism by which loss of lipid transfer activity leads to neurodegeneration is not understood. In photoreceptors, depletion of retinal degeneration B (RDGB), a phosphatidylinositol transfer protein, leads to defective phototransduction and retinal degeneration, but the mechanism by which loss of this activity leads to retinal degeneration is not understood.

Fast Ultrasound Scanning is a Rapid, Sensitive, Precise and Cost-Effective Method to Monitor Tumor Grafts in Mice.

In preclinical studies, accurate monitoring of tumor dynamics is crucial for understanding cancer biology and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Traditional methods like caliper measurements and bioluminescence imaging (BLI) have limitations, prompting the need for improved imaging techniques. This study introduces a fast-scan high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) protocol for the longitudinal assessment of syngeneic breast tumor grafts in mice, comparing its performance with caliper, BLI measurements and with histological analysis.

MOSPD2 is an endoplasmic reticulum-lipid droplet tether functioning in LD homeostasis.

Membrane contact sites between organelles are organized by protein bridges. Among the components of these contacts, the VAP family comprises ER-anchored proteins, such as MOSPD2, that function as major ER-organelle tethers. MOSPD2 distinguishes itself from the other members of the VAP family by the presence of a CRAL-TRIO domain.