Under-recognized post-stroke acute kidney injury: risk factors and relevance for stroke outcome of a frequent comorbidity.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is emerging as a predictor of poor stroke outcome, however, it is often not recognized. The aim of our study was to evaluate post-stroke AKI burden, AKI risk factors and their influence in post-stroke outcome.

Methods: From 2013 to 2016, 440 individuals with stroke diagnosis admitted in Stroke Unit, Foundation IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (Pavia, Italy), were retrospectively enrolled.

Postoperative hyperoxia (60%) worsens hepatic injury in mice.

Background: Liver damage by ischemia and reperfusion injury is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality after liver surgery. Postoperative oxygen treatment is routinely applied in the postanesthesia and intensive care unit after liver surgery. The risks of aggravating the injury by increasing inspiratory oxygen from 21 to 60% in the postoperative period were investigated in mice.

Obesity-induced hyperleptinemia improves survival and immune response in a murine model of sepsis.

Background: Obesity is a growing health problem and associated with immune dysfunction. Sepsis is defined as systemic inflammatory response syndrome that occurs during infection. Excessive inflammation combined with immune dysfunction can lead to multiorgan damage and death.

In vivo hypoxic preconditioning protects from warm liver ischemia-reperfusion injury through the adenosine A2B receptor.

Background: Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a known risk factor for the postoperative outcome of patients undergoing liver surgery/transplantation. Attempts to protect from organ damage require multidisciplinary strategies and are of emerging interest in view of patients with higher age and American Society of Anesthesiology status. Ischemic preconditioning has been successfully applied to prevent from IRI during liver resection/transplantation.