Dynamics of positional information in the vertebrate neural tube.

In developing embryos, cells acquire distinct identities depending on their position in a tissue. Secreted signalling molecules, known as morphogens, act as long-range cues to provide the spatial information that controls these cell fate decisions. In several tissues, both the level and the duration of morphogen signalling appear to be important for determining cell fates.

Age-related differences in postural stability and asymmetries among female rhythmic gymnasts: implications for injury prevention and performance enhancement.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine age group differences in the postural stability of female rhythmic gymnasts, as well as the asymmetries in postural control between them.

Methods: A total of 126 female rhythmic gymnasts (aged 6-12 years) were tested. The rhythmic gymnasts were grouped based on their age between 6-8 years (N.

The impact of abutment type on abutment screw removal torque value after experimental aging.

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in abutment screw removal torque value (RTV) of anatomic, original hybrid, and non-original hybrid abutments after simulated clinical use.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-three implant-abutment-crown specimens were divided into groups according to abutment types (n = 31): anatomic (stock) (A), original hybrid (OH), and non-original hybrid (NOH). After the initial abutment screw tightening, the specimens were subjected to five screw tightening (insertion/removal) cycles, or to 5000 thermal cycles with 500,000 chewing cycles combined with one or five screw tightening cycles.

Transition Period and Young Adulthood in Patients with Childhood Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency (COGHD): Impact of Growth Hormone Replacement on Bone Mass and Body Composition.

The aim of this review article is to highlight the consequences of COGHD after the end of linear growth on bone mass and body composition and the opposing beneficial effects of continuing GH replacement in the transition period and young adults. The role of growth hormone in the period of late adolescence and young adulthood is well established, mainly in achieving peak bone mass and a favorable body composition, characterized by muscle mass increase and fat mass reduction. Patients with childhood onset growth hormone deficiency (COGHD), after reaching the adult height, have a reduced bone mineral density and muscle mass with increased fat mass compared to healthy controls.