[Behavior disorders during REM sleep. Two clinical cases].

Introduction: The behavior disorder occurring during REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is a parasomnia characterized by absence of atonia typical of this phase of sleep, although the other characteristics are maintained, namely rapid eye movements and desynchronization of cortical electrical activity. Clinically it is accompanied by abrupt, often violent movements, which may involve a limb or the trunk in relation to dreams typical of this phase of sleep, and which may interrupt sleep. Many pathological processes have been described, including: the Shy-Dragger syndrome, Parkinson's disease, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, multisystemic atrophy, in relation to certain antidepressant drugs, and most frequently the idiopathic form.

[Response to high dose corticosteroids in a girl with bilateral optic neuritis].

Introduction: Optic neuritis is rare in childhood. Frequently (35-52% of all cases depending on the series) they have, during their clinical course, foci of demyelination leading to the clinical picture of multiple sclerosis (MS). Since 1993, the optic neuritis study group has recommended treatment with high doses of corticosteroids, since this seemed to stop progression, improve long-term results and delay the appearance of MS.

[Neurophysiological study in Alpers syndrome].

Introduction: Infantil progressive polydystrophy was described by Alpers in a child with psychomotor retardation, crises which were resistant to treatment and diffuse loss of cortical neurons.

Objective: The aim of this study was to review the neurophysiological aspects of Alpers syndrome and their clinical correlation.

Material And Methods: We present three children with subacute encephalopathy, progressive psychomotor retardation, myoclonic epilepsy which was resistant to treatment and crises of apnea, who had degeneration of the cerebral grey matter.

[Neurophysiological aspects of Proteus syndrome].

Introduction: The Proteus Syndrome was defined in 1983 by Wiedeman. However, the first case mentioned in the literature was that of Joseph Merrick, the Elephant Man, presented by Sir Frederick Treves in 1884. It is a rare pathological condition.