A Nationwide Evaluation of Antibiotic Consumption in Kazakhstan from 2019 to 2023.

Background/objectives: There has been a lack of a holistic approach to evaluating antibiotic consumption in Kazakhstan over the past few years using an internationally recognized methodology. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a nationwide evaluation of antibiotic consumption in Kazakhstan during the period 2019-2023.

Methods: Defined daily doses per 1000 inhabitants per day (DIDs) were calculated for systemic antibiotics (J01 code of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC)) following the methodology established by the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS-AMC).

The Functioning of Ethics Committees in Kazakhstan: Results and Recommendations.

Background: Sixteen RECs were randomly selected from various institutions across Kazakhstan, representing both public and private sectors and covering biomedical and socio-behavioral research reviews.

Objective: This research addresses a critical knowledge gap by providing empirical data on REC operations in Kazakhstan, facilitating a better understanding of how these committees align with international ethical standards and best practices. Furthermore, by situating our findings within the broader context of REC performance in LMICs, we aim to highlight specific challenges unique to Kazakhstan and propose evidence-based recommendations.

Mental distress in the rural Kazakhstani population exposed and non-exposed to radiation from the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site.

The present study investigates the rates of depression, anxiety, somatic distress, and fatigue in a rural population of Abayskiy, Borodulikha and Mayskiy districts exposed to radiation from Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site in comparison with the unexposed population of Kurchum district. The sample size included 901 people, of whom 656 were residents of radioecological contaminated areas, while 245 resided at ecologically safe territories and had no radiation exposure in the past. Both study groups had no significant differences concerning age, sex, level of education, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption.

[EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE OFFSPRINGS OF PEOPLE EXPOSED TO RADIATION DUE TO NUCLEAR WEAPONS TESTS IN KAZAKHSTAN].

The assessment of environmental factors influence on the population quality of life is one of the generally accepted methods of health status evaluation. The leading position in the structure of stress factors associated with nuclear weapons testing is attributed to inadequate informing of the population considering the consequences of radiation exposure, which leads to the development of anxiety and affects the assessment of the quality of life. This paper presents the outcomes of the quality of life evaluation in the population exposed to radiation on the territories of Abai (n=233), Borodulikha (n=222), and Kurchum districts (n=245) of East Kazakhstan region.