Small molecule ATM inhibitors as potential cancer therapy: a patent review (2003-present).

Introduction: The ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) is key in coordinating the DDR signaling network essential for responding to double-strand breaks (DSBs). Several ATM inhibitors are being investigated for potential anticancer treatment in clinical trials.

Areas Covered: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of patents and patent applications since 2003, with a particular focus on the structural properties, activity and efficacy of the claimed ATM kinase small-molecule inhibitors.

[Approaches for improvement of ocular surface condition in primary open-angle glaucoma].

Purpose: This study compares the effectiveness of various approaches to improvement of ocular surface condition in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients with dry eye syndrome (DES) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Material And Methods: The study included 48 patients with stage II POAG, compensated with a fixed-combinations of dorzolamide and timolol (FC-DT) containing benzalkonium chloride (BAC), in the presence of DES and MGD. After randomization, patients in group 1 (=24) received FC-DT without BAC along with eyelid hygiene ("Blepharogel cleansing", "Blepharolotion", "Blepharogel-1"), while patients in group 2 received only FC-DT without BAC.

Role of spatial coherence in diffractive optical neural networks.

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have emerged as a promising optical hardware platform for ultra-fast and energy-efficient signal processing for machine learning tasks, particularly in computer vision. Previous experimental demonstrations of DONNs have only been performed using coherent light. However, many real-world DONN applications require consideration of the spatial coherence properties of the optical signals.

Non-associative potentiation of proximal excitatory inputs to layer 2/3 pyramidal cells in rat visual cortex.

Long-term changes of synaptic transmission can be induced by Hebbian-type homosynaptic mechanisms which require activation of both pre- and postsynapse and mediate associative learning, as well as by heterosynaptic mechanisms which do not require activation of the presynapse and are non-associative. The rules for induction of homosynaptic plasticity depend on the distance of the synapse from the soma. Does induction of heterosynaptic plasticity also depend on synaptic location? Here, we investigated heterosynaptic changes in pharmacologically isolated glutamatergic inputs arriving at either the proximal or the distal segments of the apical dendrite of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in rat visual cortex.

Correction: Populations of arable weed species show intra-specific variability in germination base temperature but not in early growth rate.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.