Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter: A Cross-Sectional Study of Ultrasonographic Measurement in Healthy Black South African Adults.

Ultrasonographic optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement is an accurate, portable, and non-invasive method of detecting raised intracranial pressure that can also reflect dynamic, real-time changes in intracranial pressure fluctuations. Various studies have shown the mean range of ONSD to vary greatly across different population groups. This study aimed to determine the mean ONSD in healthy Black South African adults.

Operating theatre efficiency at a tertiary eye hospital in South Africa.

Background: South Africa (SA) is a resource-limited country that needs efficient operating theatres in order for surgical care to function cost-effectively. Regular assessment of theatre efficiency in our setting is therefore needed.

Objectives: To describe ophthalmology theatre efficiency at a central hospital in SA and compare this with international benchmarks.

Nodular Posterior Scleritis Masquerading as a Subretinal Mass.

This is the case report of a 50-year-old female with no systemic comorbidities who presented to the eye clinic with a 1-month history of right-sided eye pain and visual loss. Examination revealed no signs of inflammation in the right eye, with no proptosis or conjunctival injection. A relative afferent pupillary defect was present with no inflammatory cells in the vitreous.

The intraocular CD4/CD8 ratio in a black South African patient with Behçet's disease uveitis.

A 33-year-old black South African male patient was referred to our uveitis service with a 5-year history of panuveitis refractory to treatment. He had an associated history of recurrent mouth and genital ulcers, predating the uveitis history by about 2 years. The measurement of his intraocular CD4/CD8 ratio helped make a diagnosis of Behçet's disease uveitis.

Ester-Based Hydrophilic Cyclodextrin Nanosponges for Topical Ocular Drug Delivery.

Background: Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges are hyper-cross-linked supramolecular architectures. Similar to the parent compound they are derived from, they have been shown to possess the ability to form inclusion and non-inclusion complexes with drugs of different polarities, enzymes, proteins, peptides and macromolecules. Cyclodextrins only form inclusion complexes with hydrophobic guest molecules, while nanosponges extend this function by forming inclusion and non-inclusion complexes with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds.