IAEA activities to support the member states in the production of targeted alpha therapy radiopharmaceuticals.

Due to the growing interest of International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Member States in implementing targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) in general, the demand for alpha-emitting radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals is enormous. As an international platform for peaceful applications of radionuclides, the IAEA has been implementing several activities focusing on the production and quality control of alpha emitters and radiopharmaceuticals as well as capacity building in the field, through Technical Meetings, Workshops, Publications and Conference Supports, IAEA-Coordinated Research Projects (CRP) and Technical Cooperation Program (TC). This review article summarises the IAEA activities on the production and quality control of alpha emitter radiopharmaceuticals for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) and a roadmap to future steps including but not limited to the ongoing CRP on Ac-radiopharmaceuticals.

Pt-Au Nanoparticles in Combination with Near-Infrared-Based Hyperthermia Increase the Temperature and Impact on the Viability and Immune Phenotype of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.

Near-infrared light (NIR)-responsive metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) could be used for tumour therapy. We examined how platinum (Pt), gold (Au), and core-shell Pt-Au NPs affect the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines (Hep3B, HepG2, and Huh7D-12) alone and in combination with NIR exposure. In addition, the expression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICMs) on the tumour cells was analysed.

Tailored Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Cannabinoid Carriers for Anti-Cancer Treatment.

We present a novel, multicomponent nanoparticulate carrier system based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with a designed hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance based on oleic acid and TWEEN 80 to incorporate hydrophobic cannabinoids-cannabigerol and cannabidiol-as well as the hydrophilic anthracycline drug epirubicin, forming a conjugate anticancer system. Additionally, the superparamagnetic iron oxide-based nanoparticles formed the core of the system, thus providing it with magnetic hyperthermia capabilities with a specific absorption rate comparable to the corresponding systems in the literature. The interaction of the conjugate with the cell membrane was studied using the Langmuir monolayers at the air/water interface formed of selected lipids modeling the healthy and cancerous cell membranes.

Au@Pd Core-Shell Nanoparticles Conjugated to Panitumumab for the Combined β-Auger Electron Therapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Apart from HER2-positive, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the second most highly invasive type of breast cancer. Although TNBC does not overexpress HER2 receptors, it has been observed that EGFR protein expression is present in this specific type of tumor, making it an attractive target for immune and radiopharmaceutical treatments. In our current study, we used Pd (T = 13.

Pd/Ag in-vivo generator in the form of nanoparticles for combined β - Auger electron therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Convenient therapeutic protocols for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often ineffective due to late diagnosis and high tumor heterogeneity, leading to poor long-term outcomes. However, recently performed studies suggest that using nanostructures in liver cancer treatment may improve therapeutic effects. Inorganic nanoparticles represent a unique material that tend to accumulate in the liver when introduced in-vivo.