Human liver cell-based assays for the prediction of hepatic bile acid efflux transporter inhibition by drugs.

Introduction: Drug-mediated inhibition of bile salt efflux transporters may cause liver injury. In vitro prediction of drug effects toward canalicular and/or sinusoidal efflux of bile salts from human hepatocytes is therefore a major issue, which can be addressed using liver cell-based assays.

Area Covered: This review, based on a thorough literature search in the scientific databases PubMed and Web of Science, provides key information about hepatic transporters implicated in bile salt efflux, the human liver cell models available for investigating functional inhibition of bile salt efflux, the different methodologies used for this purpose, and the modes of expression of the results.

Surface remodeling and inversion of cell-matrix interactions underlie community recognition and dispersal in Vibrio cholerae biofilms.

Biofilms are ubiquitous surface-associated bacterial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix. It is commonly assumed that biofilm cells are glued together by the matrix; however, how the specific biochemistry of matrix components affects the cell-matrix interactions and how these interactions vary during biofilm growth remain unclear. Here, we investigate cell-matrix interactions in Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera.

An Atypical Mpox Presentation With a Large, Chronic Right Upper Eyelid Ulcerative Mass.

The global outbreak of Mpox has resurged, leading to a significant increase in cases across numerous countries. Mpox infections are associated with potential ophthalmologic complications, such as periorbital skin lesions, blepharoconjunctivitis, keratitis, and vision impairment. Here, we present a retrospective case report of an atypical Mpox in an HIV-positive patient with a persistent 5 × 5 cm ulcerated, round, plaque-like eyelid lesion refractory to multiple treatment regimens.