Parenting intentions in transgender and gender-nonconforming adults.

Objective: To assess parenting intentions, knowledge and attitudes regarding fertility preservation, and barriers to achieving parenthood in an adult transgender population.

Methods: This was a multi-center online cross-sectional study conducted at three university-affiliated and 15 community-affiliated clinics within a major US city. Inclusion criteria included being aged 18 years and older and self-identification as transgender, gender non-conforming or non-binary.

Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 by Oocyte-Secreted Factors in Primary Human Granulosa Cells.

Context: Human granulosa cells (hGCs) produce and respond to insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) but whether the oocyte participates in IGF2 regulation in humans is unknown.

Objective: To determine the role of oocyte-secreted factors (OSFs) such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in IGF2 production by hGCs.

Design: Primary human cumulus GCs in culture.

Sp1 regulates steroidogenic genes and LHCGR expression in primary human luteinized granulosa cells.

Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) bind to the luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR). LHCGR is required to maintain corpus luteum function but the mechanisms involved in the regulation of LHCGR in human luteal cells remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to characterize the expression of LHCGR mRNA in primary human luteinized granulosa cells (hLGCs) obtained from patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and to correlate LHCGR expression with the response of hLGCs to hCG by assessing the expression of genes known to be markers of hCG actions.

Oocyte-Secreted Factors Synergize With FSH to Promote Aromatase Expression in Primary Human Cumulus Cells.

Context: The role of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) on aromatase regulation is poorly understood in humans.

Objective: Determine GDF9 and BMP15 effects on FSH stimulation of estradiol production in primary human cumulus granulosa cells (GCs). We hypothesized that the combination of GDF9 and BMP15 potentiates FSH-induced aromatase expression.