Theoretical Study of the Influence of Electroconvection on the Efficiency of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) Modes in ED Desalination.

Pulsed electric field (PEF) modes of electrodialysis (ED) are known for their efficiency in mitigating the fouling of ion-exchange membranes. Many authors have also reported the possibility of increasing the mass transfer/desalination rate and reducing energy costs. In the literature, such possibilities were theoretically studied using 1D modeling, which, however, did not consider the effect of electroconvection.

Methodology for Integral Study of Antagonistic Activity of Normal Nasal Microbiota to Select Potential Probiotics Efficient in Eradication of Staphylococcus aureus.

The aim of this study was the development of a methodology for the integral study of the antagonistic activity of normal human microbiota against Staphylococcus aureus to enable direct selection (without prior isolation of pure cultures) of potentially highly efficient probiotic preparations. The selection of bacterial representatives of normal human nasal microbiota capable of antagonizing S. aureus was carried out using two complimentary methods: replica-plating and deferred antagonism procedures.

Ion Transport in Electromembrane Systems under the Passage of Direct Current: 1D Modelling Approaches.

For a theoretical analysis of mass transfer processes in electromembrane systems, the Nernst-Planck and Poisson equations (NPP) are generally used. In the case of 1D direct-current-mode modelling, a fixed potential (for example, zero) is set on one of the boundaries of the considered region, and on the other-a condition connecting the spatial derivative of the potential and the given current density. Therefore, in the approach based on the system of NPP equations, the accuracy of the solution is significantly affected by the accuracy of calculating the concentration and potential fields at this boundary.

Mathematical Modeling of the Influence of the Karman Vortex Street on Mass Transfer in Electromembrane Systems.

In electromembrane systems, the transfer of ions near ion-exchange membranes causes concentration polarization, which significantly complicates mass transfer. Spacers are used to reduce the effect of concentration polarization and increase mass transfer. In this article, for the first time, a theoretical study is carried out, using a two-dimensional mathematical model, of the effect of spacers on the mass transfer process in the desalination channel formed by anion-exchange and cation-exchange membranes under conditions when they cause a developed Karman vortex street.

Theoretical Analysis of Electroconvection in the Electrodialysis Desalination Channel under the Action of Direct Current.

The development of electroconvection in electromembrane systems is a factor that increases the efficiency of the electrolyte solution desalination process. The desalination of the solution, manifested by a change in the distribution of the ion concentration, can affect the mechanisms of development of electroconvection. The purpose of this work is to study the electroconvective flow developing in the desalination channel under various desalination scenarios.