The Averaged EMGs Recorded from the Arm Muscles During Bimanual "Rowing" Movements.

The main purpose was to analyze quantitatively the the average surface EMGs of the muscles that function around the elbow and shoulder joints of both arms in bimanual "rowing" movements, which were produced under identical elastic loads applied to the levers ("oars"). The muscles of PM group ("pulling" muscles: elbow flexors, shoulder extensors) generated noticeable velocity-dependent dynamic EMG components during the pulling and returning phases of movement and supported a steady-state activity during the hold phase. The muscles of RM group ("returning" muscles: elbow extensors, shoulder flexors) co-contracted with PM group during the movement phases and decreased activity during the hold phase.

[Correlations of hippocampal theta-rhythm frequency changes with the signal characteristics of acoustic stimulation, latent periods and duration of conditioned reflectory movements in rats].

The hippocampal theta rhythm was studied during an adaptive behaviour elaboration (a receiving of drinking reward in response on a specific audio stimulus) in freely moving water deprived rats. It was revealed that a right behavioral response (a drinking tank visit) in conditions of discrimination of two sound stimuli emerged only in case of the theta rhythm frequency increase in response on the positive conditional stimulus. Although this increase occurred only in response to positive signal it was also linked with the differentiation process--the theta rhythm frequency increase became significant when animals started to recognize positive and negative conditional stimuli.

[Systematic positioning errors and electromyographic activity of muscles in the human single-joint movements].

Accuracy of positioning was studied on the elbow joint movements in healthy adult humans. Individual trials consisted of the conditioning and test movements (CM, TM) produced with visual guidance and without it, correspondingly. The two types of CMs included a phase of slow movement (flexion - P1, or extension - P2) to the same target position (50 degrees in the most experiments).

[Effects of experimental muscle pain on short and long-latency components of stretch-reflex in the elbow muscles of the unanaesthetized cat].

Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the elbow joint muscles induced during passive extension of the joint was recorded from the unaesthetized cat before and after injection of 5% NaCl solution which has been used as an activator of nociceptors. It was shown that the amplitude of the long-latency M2 component of flexor stretch-reflex was significantly increased after injection of saline while the amplitude change of shot-latency M1 component was insignificant. The latency of EMG in flexor significantly decreased.

[Dependence of electromyographic reaction indices of the muscles-antagonists and stiffness of the elbow joint on its extension velocity before and after the injection of neurotoxin].

Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the elbow joint muscles elicited by passive extension were recorded in anaesthetized cats before and after MPTP injection (7-10 mg/kg intramuscularly). It was shown that after injection of such dose of MPTP amplitude and duration of the stretch-related M2-3 --components of EMG increased and recovered on 9-10 day after the chemical injection. Perturbation of an external extensor loading applied to the forearm with different velocities elicited m.