Current Role and Potential of Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry in Biomedical Research and Clinical Applications.

Mass-spectrometry-based assays nowadays play an essential role in biomedical research and clinical applications. There are different types of commercial mass spectrometers on the market today, and triple quadrupole (QqQ) is one of the time-honored systems. Here, we overview the main areas of QqQ applications in biomedicine and assess the current level, evolution, and trends in the use of QqQ in these areas.

Mass-selective instability and resonance ejection modes for DIT with rectangular asymmetric wave shape.

We consider the operation of a digital linear ion trap with resonance radial ejection and mass selective instability modes. Periodic wave shape has a positive part with amplitude and duration and negative part with amplitude and duration , where is the period. The mapping of the stability diagram, calculations of the well's depth and ion oscillations spectra are presented.

Modeling of a linear ion trap with driving rectangular waveforms.

We consider the operation of a digital linear ion trap with resonant radial ejection. A sequence of rectangular voltage pulses with a dipole resonance signal is applied to the trap electrodes. The periodic waveform is piecewise constant, has zero mean, and is determined by an asymmetry parameter : one value is taken on interval and another on , where is the RF period.

The Macrophage Activator GcMAF-RF Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Karanahan Technology through Induction of M2-M1 Macrophage Reprogramming.

Macrophages are the immune cells of high-immunological plasticity, which can exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as repolarize their phenotype to the opposite or neutral one. In this regard, M2 macrophages of the tumor-associated stroma (TAS) are a promising therapeutic target in treating malignant neoplasms. Using FACS assay, we have estimated the CD11b+/Ly-6G+/Ly-6C+ fraction of macrophages from the peritoneum and TAS in intact healthy mice and those with developed Lewis carcinoma, both untreated and treated according to Karanahan technology in combination with group-specific macrophage activator (GcMAF-RF).

The Molecular Aspects of Functional Activity of Macrophage-Activating Factor GcMAF.

Group-specific component macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) is the vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) deglycosylated at Thr. The protein is believed to exhibit a wide range of therapeutic properties associated with the activation of macrophagal immunity. An original method for GcMAF production, DBP conversion to GcMAF, and the analysis of the activating potency of GcMAF was developed in this study.