Identification of specific microbiota members that induce beige fat biogenesis in response to dietary cues.

Activation of brown and beige fat biogenesis promotes metabolic health in rodents and humans, but typically requires cold exposure or pharmacological activation of β-adrenergic receptors, which may pose cardiovascular risks. Dietary intervention represents a clinically viable alternative strategy to induce beige cells and thus enhance metabolic health, though the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified specific microbiota members in both mice and humans that promote browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) and ameliorate metabolic disorders in the context of a low-protein diet (LPD).

Neutralizing antibodies elicited in macaques recognize V3 residues on altered conformations of HIV-1 Env trimer.

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect against diverse HIV-1 strains is a primary goal of AIDS vaccine research. We characterized Ab1456 and Ab1271, two heterologously-neutralizing antibodies elicited in non-human primates by priming with an engineered V3-targeting SOSIP Env immunogen and boosting with increasingly native-like SOSIP Envs derived from different strain backgrounds. Structures of Env trimers in complex with these antibodies revealed V3 targeting, but on conformational states of Env distinct from the typical closed, prefusion trimeric SOSIP structure.

Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizure in a Laboring Female: A Case Report.

Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) are seizure-like activities characterized by motor and sensory impairments that are mild and mimic other medical conditions. They are commonly associated with psychiatric conditions and are typically a diagnosis of exclusion. These episodes are generally uncommon and rarely seen in pregnancy or labor.

Commensal consortia decolonize Enterobacteriaceae via ecological control.

Persistent colonization and outgrowth of potentially pathogenic organisms in the intestine can result from long-term antibiotic use or inflammatory conditions, and may perpetuate dysregulated immunity and tissue damage. Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae gut pathobionts are particularly recalcitrant to conventional antibiotic treatment, although an emerging body of evidence suggests that manipulation of the commensal microbiota may be a practical alternative therapeutic strategy. Here we isolated and down-selected commensal bacterial consortia from stool samples from healthy humans that could strongly and specifically suppress intestinal Enterobacteriaceae.

Accuracy of Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in the Diagnosis of Intraoperative Neurological Decline in the Setting of Spinal Surgery-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: In an effort to prevent intraoperative neurological injury during spine surgery, the use of intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has increased significantly in recent years. Using IONM, spinal cord function can be evaluated intraoperatively by recording signals from specific nerve roots, motor tracts, and sensory tracts.