Anxiety disorders are associated with early onset of heroin use and rapid transition to dependence in methadone maintained patients.

Early onset of heroin use is a severity marker of heroin use disorder. We studied the interaction between early onset and rapid transition to heroin dependence recorded with retrospective interviews in 213 patients with severe heroin dependence and history of methadone maintenance treatment. General linear models were used to identify independent factors associated with early onset, factors associated with rapid transition to dependence, and a multivariate model was used to study the interaction of those two dimensions.

[Choice of initial regimen for antiretroviral-naïve HIV patients: Analysis of motivation].

Objective: Several therapeutic combination antiretroviral therapy regimen are available for initial treatment in naïve HIV infected patients. The choice of a particular regimen remains often subjective. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with the choice of molecules in initial ARV prescriptions.

Pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of a full dose sofosbuvir-based regimen given daily in hemodialysis patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Background & Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease and leads to faster liver disease progression in patients requiring hemodialysis than in those with normal renal function. Little is known about the use of a sofosbuvir-containing regimen for infected patients on hemodialysis. We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of sofosbuvir in 2 dosing regimens and associated antiviral agents in HCV-infected patients requiring hemodialysis.

[Retrospective analysis of neonatal data in a monocentric cohort of 170 newborns of polydrug-using mothers, Île-de-France, 1999-2008].

Objectives: To analyze neonatal morbidity in a single-center retrospective cohort (1999-2008) according to the mothers' polydrug use and to the social and demographic context.

Material And Methods: One hundred and seventy newborns were identified whose mothers used two or more substances (such as heroin, cocaine, opioid maintenance treatment, tobacco, alcohol, hashish, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, or other psychotropics) at the beginning of their pregnancies. The database included 168 sociodemographic variables describing mothers' living conditions and their drug-abuse characteristics; perinatal variables such as gestational age, weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and modalities of discharge; and correlations with the main neonatal morbidities.

[Consequences for the newborn of alcohol consumption during pregnancy].

Background: This paper aims at showing the immediate and long-term consequences affecting newborns whose mothers did not reduce or stop their consumption of alcohol when they were pregnant; these women were chosen among women who also used psychoactive substances.

Methods: A retrospective cohort was constituted of babies who were found to have been exposed in utero to one or more legal or illegal psychoactive substance(s) and who were born or hospitalized between 1999 and 2008 in a hospital near Paris. Among the cohort of 170 babies, 56 had mothers who had not modified their alcohol consumption when they were pregnant, 30 had mothers who had reduced their alcohol consumption, and 84 had mothers who declared having been abstinent.