Infants under two months of age with urinary tract infections are showing increasing resistance to empirical and oral antibiotics.

Aim: Data on antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens in infants up to the age of three months are limited. This study characterised resistance patterns in Gram-negative uropathogens in infants up to the age of two months.

Methods: Previously healthy young infants with urinary tract infections (UTIs) were studied retrospectively.

Antenatal Bartter syndrome presenting as hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria: a case report and review.

Antenatal type I Bartter syndrome (ABS) is usually identified by the presence of polyhydramnios, premature delivery, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis caused by mutations in the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2)-encoding SLC12A1 gene. In this report, we describe a novel presentation of this syndrome with hypercalcemic hypercalciuric hyperparathyroidism, and review the literature of the variable atypical presentations of ABS.

Factors associated with bacteremia in young infants with urinary tract infection.

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most frequent severe bacterial infection in infants. Up to 31% of infants with UTI have bacteremia.

Methods: We retrospectively identified all infants aged 0-2 months who were managed in our hospital with UTI during a 1-year period.

Female polysomy-X and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs more commonly in females than in males. Recent evidence suggests that genetic factors transmitted by the X-chromosome may confer increased risk for autoimmune disease in general, and for SLE in particular. It is therefore possible that X-chromosome polysomy might confer further increased risk for lupus.

Dent Disease with mutations in OCRL1.

Dent disease is an X-linked renal proximal tubulopathy associated with mutations in the chloride channel gene CLCN5. Lowe syndrome, a multisystem disease characterized by renal tubulopathy, congenital cataracts, and mental retardation, is associated with mutations in the gene OCRL1, which encodes a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) 5-phosphatase. Genetic heterogeneity has been suspected in Dent disease, but no other gene for Dent disease has been reported.