Management of Catheter-Related Urethral Injuries in Male Children.

Introduction: Management of urethral trauma lacks clarity in the paediatric population. There is no clear guidance for management and follow-up of these patients which can lead to missing the long-term sequelae of the primary injury. Catheter-associated urethral injuries are less likely to cause a complete transaction of the urethra.

How do socioeconomic inequalities and preterm birth interact to modify health and education outcomes? A narrative systematic review.

Objectives: How are socioeconomic inequalities modified by, or how do they interact with, preterm birth?

Design: Narrative systematic review of quantitative observational studies of an interaction, or effect modification, between preterm birth and socioeconomic status.

Data Sources: Five databases were searched for studies published between January 2000 and June 2020. Title and abstract were reviewed to identify articles for dual screening.

Potential Applications and Ethical Considerations for Artificial Intelligence in Traumatic Brain Injury Management.

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems have emerged as promising tools for rapidly identifying patterns in large amounts of healthcare data to help guide clinical decision making, as well as to assist with medical education and the planning of research studies. Accumulating evidence suggests AI techniques may be particularly useful for aiding the diagnosis and clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-a considerably heterogeneous neurologic condition that can be challenging to detect and treat. However, important methodological and ethical concerns with the use of AI in medicine necessitate close monitoring and regulation of these techniques as advancements continue.

A systematic assessment of robustness in CNS safety pharmacology.

Background And Purpose: Irwin tests are key preclinical study elements for characterising drug-induced neurological side effects. This multicentre study aimed to assess the robustness of Irwin tests across multinational sites during three stages of protocol harmonisation. The projects were part of the Enhanced Quality in Preclinical Data framework, aiming to increase success rates in transition from preclinical testing to clinical application.

Effects of Blood Lead Levels <10 µg/dL in School-Age Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.

Context: Lead exposures among school-age children are a major public health issue. Although the harmful effects of lead exposure during the first years of life are well known, there is not as much understanding of the effects of low levels of lead exposure during later childhood.

Objectives: To review the effects of blood lead levels (BLLs) <10 µg/dL in school-age children and adolescents.