A contaminated regression model for count health data.

In medical and health research, investigators are often interested in countable quantities such as hospital length of stay (e.g., in days) or the number of doctor visits.

Communicating cancer treatment with pictogram-based timeline visualizations.

Objective: This study evaluated the legibility, comprehension, and clinical usability of visual timelines for communicating cancer treatment paths. We examined how these visual aids enhance participants' and patients' understanding of their treatment plans.

Materials And Methods: The study included 2 online surveys and 1 in-person survey with hematology cancer patients.

Non-invasive brain stimulation over the Frontopolar Cortex promotes willingness to exert cognitive effort in a foraging-like sequential choice task.

Individuals avoid spending cognitive effort unless expected rewards offset the perceived costs. Recent work employing tasks that provide explicit information about demands and incentives, suggests causal involvement of the Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) in effort-based decision-making. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we examined whether the FPC's role in motivating effort generalizes to sequential choice problems in which task demand and reward rates vary indirectly and as a function of experience.

Increased attention towards progress information near a goal state.

A growing body of evidence across psychology suggests that (cognitive) effort exertion increases in proximity to a goal state. For instance, previous work has shown that participants respond more quickly, but not less accurately, when they near a goal-as indicated by a filling progress bar. Yet it remains unclear when over the course of a cognitively demanding task do people monitor progress information: Do they continuously monitor their goal progress over the course of a task, or attend more frequently to it as they near their goal? To answer this question, we used eye-tracking to examine trial-by-trial changes in progress monitoring as participants completed blocks of an attentionally demanding oddball task.

An Atypical Presentation of Osseous Choristoma in a 63-Year-Old Male: A Lesion Beyond the Common Demographic and Anatomical Norms.

Osseous choristomas, characterized by ectopic bone, are rare and typically found in the head and neck, particularly on the tongue. This report describes a unique case of an osseous choristoma in a 63-year-old male with an unusual posterior tongue location. An incidental base of tongue (BOT) mass was discovered during a bronchoscopy for lung biopsy.