Impact of antibiotic prophylaxis on gut microbiota in colorectal surgery: insights from an Eastern European stewardship study.

Introduction: Antibiotic overuse is driving a global rise in antibiotic resistance, highlighting the need for robust antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives to improve prescription practices. While antimicrobials are essential for treating sepsis and preventing surgical site infections (SSIs), they can inadvertently disrupt the gut microbiota, leading to postoperative complications. Treatment methods vary widely across nations due to differences in drug choice, dosage, and therapy duration, affecting antibiotic resistance rates, which can reach up to 51% in some countries.

TRENDS IN EMERGENCY MEDICAL CALLS BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19 IN KAZAKHSTAN.

This study analyzes Emergency Medical Services (EMS) call trends and demographic changes from 2020 to 2024. During this period, a total of 2,469,283 EMS calls were registered, with sharp increases in 2021 and subsequent stabilization in later years. The number of daily calls rose by 52% in 2021 compared to 2020, with smaller growth in 2022 and 2023.

Trend of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Northern Regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the Outpatient Level.

Background: We aimed to study the rate and trends of the incidence of chronic cardiovascular diseases in urban and rural areas of the northern regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) from 2015 to 2020.

Methods: The retrospective data were analyzed using modern methods of biomedical statistics. We used the Electronic Register of Dispensary Patients (2015-2020), where we conducted a retrospective study and trend calculations.

Splenectomy Does Not Increase Early Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Total Gastrectomy: A Case-Control Study with Propensity Score Analysis.

Aim: In gastric cancer (GC), D2 lymph node dissection is, alongside negative-margins gastrectomy, of paramount importance. There is a debate between Western and Eastern scientific communities concerning the risk-benefit balance with respect to splenectomy, as Western countries are inclined to perform spleen-preserving gastrectomy due to an increased risk for postoperative complications. In Eastern countries (such as Japan) this is not the case.

Evaluation of Changes in Circulating Cell-Free DNA as an Early Predictor of Response to Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer-A Pilot Study.

The objective of this study was to investigate quantitative changes in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) found in the bloodstream of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who received neoadjuvant long-course chemoradiation, assuming a change in DNA fragments release during therapeutic stress. This was a prospective observational study that involved 49 patients who had three distinct pathologies requiring neoadjuvant chemoradiation: 18 patients with breast cancer, 18 patients with cervical cancer, and 13 patients with rectal cancer. Both breast cancer and cervical cancer patients were used as a control groups.