Orbital Competition in Bilayer Graphene's Fractional Quantum Hall Effect.

The lowest Landau level of bilayer graphene has an octet of internal degrees of freedom, composed from spin, valley, and orbital two-level systems. Dominance of n=0 orbitals over n=1 orbitals in low energy quantum fluctuations leads to distinct fractional quantum Hall characteristics compared dominance of n=1 over n=0. The competition between n=0 and n=1 orbitals depends sensitively on particle-hole asymmetry in the single-particle Hamiltonian and on Lamb shifts due to exchange interactions with the negative energy sea, which must be accounted for simultaneously in assessing the orbital competition.

Beyond-classical computation in quantum simulation.

Quantum computers hold the promise of solving certain problems that lie beyond the reach of conventional computers. Establishing this capability, especially for impactful and meaningful problems, remains a central challenge. Here we show that superconducting quantum annealing processors can rapidly generate samples in close agreement with solutions of the Schrödinger equation.

Computational modeling of reversal learning impairments in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder reveals shared failure to exploit rewards.

The distinction between the concepts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is fundamental to the Kraepelinian tradition in psychiatry. One mechanism undergirding this distinction, a difference in reward sensitivity, has been championed by a number of scholars. As part of the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical applications for Serious mental illnesses consortium, 225 participants including people with schizophrenia ( = 69), schizoaffective disorder ( = 55), and bipolar affective disorder ( = 53) performed a probabilistic reversal learning task.

Protein intake and prevalence of overweight in patients with phenylketonuria: A 10-year longitudinal study.

Background: Overweight has been identified as a comorbidity associated with phenylketonuria (PKU). A systematic review with meta-analysis found that although patients with PKU had a similar body mass index (BMI) when compared to non-PKU controls, there was a significantly higher BMI when measured in patients described as having classical PKU.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to identify the prevalence of overweight in patients with PKU, over 10 years, in a Portuguese Reference Centre, following a phenylalanine-restricted diet.

Development of a key performance indicator set for perioperative red blood cell transfusion.

Background: Perioperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is a common intervention in patients undergoing surgery but there is marked variation in practice. Key performance indicators (KPIs) are central to identifying deviation from agreed standards and improving clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify KPIs which can potentially be measured from routinely collected electronic healthcare records.