Upregulation of prostate-specific membrane antigen after androgen-deprivation therapy.

Objectives: To determine the expression of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) before and after androgen-deprivation therapy and to compare PSMA expression with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression.

Methods: We studied specimens from 20 patients with prostate cancer undergoing medical or surgical castration or combination androgen-deprivation therapy in whom matched pretreatment and post-treatment tissue specimens were available and 16 patients in whom only a post-treatment specimen was available. The expression of PSMA and PSA in the tissue specimens was determined by immunoperoxidase staining.

Deoxyribonucleic acid cytometric analysis of prostate core biopsy specimens: relationship to serum prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase, clinical stage and histopathology.

We describe a sampling method of obtaining fresh prostate cells that yields adequate numbers of cells for flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) analysis and produces histograms of good resolution. Exfoliated cells from 204 prostate biopsy wash specimens obtained by agitation of biopsy cores in saline were fixed and stained for DNA analysis. The mean percentage of hyperdiploid cells was statistically different between the pathologically benign and malignant specimens (p < 0.

Failure of anticytokeratin 18 antibody to improve flow cytometric detection of bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder washing specimens containing inflammatory or squamous cells have been difficult to accurately analyze with single-parameter DNA flow cytometric (FCM) methods.

Methods: The anticytokeratin 18 antibody, CK5, was used in a multiparameter assay of 275 bladder washing and voided urine specimens to immunoselect only the bladder transitional cells for DNA analysis.

Results: Flow cytometric detection of transitional cell carcinoma was increased by immunoselection of CK5-positive cells in specimens from patients with disease.

Flow cytometric DNA analysis after immunoselection of bladder tumor cells with monoclonal antibody DU83.21.

Adequate preservation of neoplastic cells and the elimination of interference by inflammatory cells in measuring tumor cell DNA content represent two important objectives necessary for accurate flow cytometric analysis of bladder carcinomas. An experimental model consisting of a mixture of cultured bladder carcinoma cells (T24) and human buffy-coat (BC) cells was used to evaluate various preservatives and an anti-bladder carcinoma monoclonal antibody (MoAb), DU83.21, for separating inflammatory cells (BC cells) from T24 cells.

Flow cytometric study comparing paired bladder washing and voided urine for bladder cancer detection.

Paired bladder washings and voided urines from bladder cancer patients were compared as sources of exfoliated cells for detection of bladder carcinoma by flow cytometry (FCM). Bladder specimens fixed in 25% ethanol within sixty minutes of collection were found to be superior to unfixed bladder specimens. The percentage of specimens with good DNA resolution was greater for bladder washings (67% unfixed, 90% fixed) than voided urines (41% unfixed, 66% fixed).