Angina Severity and Symptom Improvement Are Associated With Diagnostic Acetylcholine Provocation Dose in Vasospastic Angina.

Background: A coronary function test (CFT) is the recommended diagnostic test to identify coronary vasomotor dysfunction as a cause of symptoms in patients with angina and nonobstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). Acetylcholine is the commonly used pharmacological agent for spasm provocation. We aimed to investigate an association between severity of symptoms and provocative acetylcholine dose.

COVID-19 highlights the need to improve resilience and equity in managing small-scale fisheries.

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragility of global and domestic seafood markets. We examined the main impacts and responses of the small-scale fisheries (SSF) sector, and found that mitigation and preparedness strategies should be prioritised to boost resilience in SSF. We provide five policy options and considerations: (1) improving access to insurance and financial services; (2) strengthening local and regional markets and supporting infrastructure; (3) recognising fisheries as an essential service; (4) integrating disaster risk management into fisheries management systems; and (5) investing in Indigenous and locally-led fisheries management.

Methyl-esterification, degree of polymerization and ∆4,5-unsaturation of galacturonic acid oligosaccharides as determinants of immunomodulation.

In recent years, immunomodulation by pectin and pectin-derived galacturonic acid oligosaccharides has been the subject of wide-spread scientific research due to the potential of different pectin structures as bioactive biomolecules. Yet, gaps remain in understanding the structure-dependent immunomodulation of galacturonic acid. This study describes in vitro immunomodulatory effects of well-characterized galacturonic acid oligosaccharides.

Concrete evidence: outplanted corals for reef restoration do not need extended curing of ordinary Portland cement.

Artificial reefs for coral reef restoration are often concrete-based. After concrete is poured, it initially has a high surface pH (approx. 13), which neutralizes within several weeks.