[The role of mTOR in the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism].

mTOR enzyme belongs to a family of specific serine/threonine protein kinases. mTOR plays an important role in the transmission of extracellular signals by phosphorylation of various substrates in many metabolic reactions in humans. Protein mTOR, having protein kinase activity, is encoded by a gene FRAP1, which is localized on chromosome 1 (1p36.

[Involvement of Akt in regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism].

The enzyme Akt 1 is a member of serine/threonine specific protein kinases family. Akt plays an important role in the transmission of extracellular signals and mechanical stimuli via phosphorylation of its numerous substrates involved in anabolic and catabolic processes as well as mechanical responses of skeletal muscle. Expression of the Akt is increased during skeletal muscle hypertrophy and decreased during muscle atrophy.

[The association of gene polymorphisms with the muscle fiber type composition].

Muscle fiber composition of m. vastus lateralis has significant individual variability mainly depending on genetic factors. Present study shows analysis of association between polymorphisms of three muscle performance-related genes and muscle fiber type composition in 48 young healthy men.