An Efficient Experimental Methodology for the Assessment of the Dynamic Behaviour of Resilient Elements.

The assessment of the dynamic behaviour of resilient elements can be performed using the indirect method as described in the standard ISO 10846-3. This paper presents a methodology for control the error on the estimation of the frequency response functions (FRF) required for the application of the indirect method when sweep sine excitation is used. Based on a simulation process, this methodology allows for the design of the sweep sine excitation parameters, i.

In vivo release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like material from the cervicotrigeminal area in the rat. Effects of electrical and noxious stimulations of the muzzle.

The continuous perfusion with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid of the cervicotrigeminal area of the spinal cord in halothane-anaesthetized rats allowed the collection of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like material with the same immunological and chromatographic characteristics as authentic rat alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide. The spinal release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like material could be significantly increased by the local application of 60 mM K+ (approximately +100%), high-intensity percutaneous electrical stimulation (approximately +200%) and noxious heat (by immersion in water at 52 degrees C; approximately +150%) applied to the muzzle. By contrast, noxious mechanical (pinches) and chemical (subcutaneous formalin injection) stimulations and deep cooling (by immersion in water at 0 degrees C) of the muzzle did not alter the spinal release of calcitonin gene-related peptide-like material.

Acupuncture-like stimulation induces a heterosegmental release of Met-enkephalin-like material in the rat spinal cord.

In order to investigate the effects induced by acupuncture on the activity of enkephalinergic neurons in the spinal cord, either the lumbar or the cervico-trigeminal area was perfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (0.1 ml/min) in halothane-anaesthetized rats, and Met-enkephalin-like material (MELM) was measured in 0.5 ml fractions of the perfusates.

Subcutaneous formalin induces a segmental release of Met-enkephalin-like material from the rat spinal cord.

The possible influence of a noxious chemical stimulus on the activity of spinal enkephalinergic neurones was examined by measuring the outflow of Met-enkephalin-like material (MELM) in CSF perifusates from the lumbar and cervico-trigeminal zones in halothane-anaesthetized rats. Following subcutaneous injection of 50 microliters of a 10% formalin solution in saline into the muzzle, MELM outflow increased at the cervico-trigeminal level but not at the lumbar level. Conversely, a significant enhancement in MELM outflow occurred at the lumbar but not at the cervico-trigeminal level when formalin was injected into a hind paw.

Changes in levels of the tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly as an index of enkephalin release in the spinal cord: effects of noxious stimuli and parenterally-active peptidase inhibitors.

The tripeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly (YGG), representing the product of enkephalin hydrolysis by enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.