Phenylketonuria Patients' and Their Caregivers' Perception of the Pandemic Lockdown: The Results of a National Online Survey.

The first pandemic lockdown dramatically impacted many aspects of everyday life, including healthcare systems. The purpose of this study was to identify problems of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and their parents/caregivers during that time. We aimed to analyse potential differences in the self-reported compliance and characteristics of contacts with a doctor/dietitian before and during the pandemic lockdown and the perception of access to special food and opinions on remote contacts between a particular group of respondents.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Perception of Health and Treatment-Related Issues among Patients with Phenylketonuria in Poland-The Results of a National Online Survey.

There is agreement that the pandemic has affected the healthcare system and behaviour of patients. This study aims to identify problems encountered by patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) and their parents/caregivers during the six-week pandemic lockdown in Poland (15 March to 30 April 2020). To determine the factors that influenced health and treatment-related issues, as well as the respondents' perception of the impact of the pandemic, study participants were asked to complete a non-validated online questionnaire comprising 31 questions (including 27 single-choice, two multiple-choice and two open-ended ones).

Free of salt high-pressure deliming of animal hides.

The wastewater pollution of tanneries is of high concern. The investigation of technologies to minimize the consumption of chemicals in the leather production process can reduce the environmental burden. We focus on the reduction of ammonium salts in the leather production process.

Weaning practices in phenylketonuria vary between health professionals in Europe.

Background: In phenylketonuria (PKU), weaning is considered more challenging when compared to feeding healthy infants. The primary aim of weaning is to gradually replace natural protein from breast milk or standard infant formula with solids containing equivalent phenylalanine (Phe). In addition, a Phe-free second stage L-amino acid supplement is usually recommended from around 6 months to replace Phe-free infant formula.

Early feeding practices in infants with phenylketonuria across Europe.

Background: In infants with phenylketonuria (PKU), dietary management is based on lowering and titrating phenylalanine (Phe) intake from breast milk or standard infant formula in combination with a Phe-free infant formula in order to maintain blood Phe levels within target range. Professionals use different methods to feed infants with PKU and our survey aimed to document practices across Europe.

Methods: We sent a cross sectional, survey monkey® questionnaire to European health professionals working in IMD.