Internal transcribed spacer (ITS): The powerful DNA barcode and phylogenetic marker for successful authentication of Withania somnifera.

Background: Understanding the evolutionary history of plants and accurately identifying biologically important species and their families is crucial for the herbal and Ayurvedic industries. The genetic approach by DNA barcoding plays a pivotal role in accurate species identification, authentication and quality control. Due to various therapeutic properties, Withania somnifera has been used worldwide in traditional systems of medicine for centuries including Ayurveda and Unani.

Advancing mango leaf variant identification with a robust multi-layer perceptron model.

Mango, often regarded as the "king of fruits," holds a significant position in Bangladesh's agricultural landscape due to its popularity among the general population. However, identifying different types of mangoes, especially from mango leaves, poses a challenge for most people. While some studies have focused on mango type identification using fruit images, limited work has been done on classifying mango types based on leaf images.

-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase Maintains Genome Integrity by Forming DNA-Protein Cross-Links during Inflammation-Associated Peroxynitrite-Mediated DNA Damage.

Inflammation is an early immune response against invading pathogens and damaged tissue. Although beneficial, uncontrolled inflammation leads to various diseases including cancer in a chronic setting. Peroxynitrite (PN) is a major reactive nitrogen species generated during inflammation.

Leishmania major-induced alteration of host cellular and systemic copper homeostasis drives the fate of infection.

Copper plays a key role in host-pathogen interaction. We find that during Leishmania major infection, the parasite-harboring macrophage regulates its copper homeostasis pathway in a way to facilitate copper-mediated neutralization of the pathogen. Copper-ATPase ATP7A transports copper to amastigote-harboring phagolysosomes to induce stress on parasites.