Estimation of Head Accelerations in Crashes Using Neural Networks and Sensors Embedded in the Protective Helmet.

Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBIs) are one of the most frequent and severe outcomes of a Powered Two-Wheeler (PTW) crash. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly reduce permanent consequences. Despite the fact that devices to track head kinematics have been developed for sports applications, they all have limitations, which hamper their use in everyday road applications.

Early changes in cerebrospinal fluid Ca2+ and FFA levels following experimental spinal cord injury.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Ca2+ and free fatty acids (FFA) levels were determined for 4 h following experimental spinal cord (SC) injury in rabbits. The injury was produced by dropping a 20 g weight from 20 cm on exposed dura mater at the C5-C6 level. Samples of CSF were obtained from the cisterna magna from a second laminectomy at the C1 level.