Early GABA(A) receptor clustering during the development of the rostral nucleus of the solitary tract.

While there is an abundance of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the gustatory zone of the nucleus of the solitary tract of the perinatal rat, we know that GABAergic synapse formation is not complete until well after birth. Our recent results have shown that GABA(B) receptors are present at birth in the cells of the nucleus; however, they do not redistribute and cluster at synaptic sites until after PND10. The present study examined the time course of appearance and redistribution of GABA(A) receptors in the nucleus.

Subcellular localization of GABA receptors in the central nervous system using post-embedding immunohistochemistry.

The following detailed protocol can be applied to demonstrate the localization of GABA receptors in CNS neurons at the ultrastructural level. While others have investigated receptors at the electron microscopic level using immunocytochemical techniques, the appearance of the tissue is usually poor and analyses of the distribution of receptors is limited. The methodology described in this paper allows for optimal preservation of the tissue while retaining immunogenicity.

Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 and E7 cooperate to increase epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA levels, overcoming mechanisms by which excessive EGFR signaling shortens the life span of normal human keratinocytes.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) levels are dramatically increased in human keratinocytes (HKc) immortalized with full-length human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) DNA (HKc/HPV16), but increases in EGFR levels actually precede immortalization. In some normal HKc strains, acute expression of HPV16 E6 (but not HPV16 E5, HPV16 E7, or HPV6 E6) from LXSN retroviral vectors produced an increase in EGFR mRNA levels detectable at 24 h and stable for up to 10 days after infection. However, about one-half of the individual normal HKc strains we analyzed proved unresponsive to E6 induction of EGFR mRNA despite the robust expression of E6 and degradation of p53.

Nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in intraepithelial neoplasia of the uterine cervix.

The authors have studied the AgNORs counts in intraepithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. The following values were obtained (mean +/- SD AgNORs/cell): normal specimens--2.11 +/- 0.