Tunable Zinc-Mediated Reductive Cyclization of Diastereomeric 3-Nitro-4-phenacyl-2-(trihalomethyl)chromanes to Fused Pyrroline -Oxides, Pyrrolines, and Pyrrolidines.

Reductive cyclization of trans,trans- and trans,cis-isomers of the 2-CF-substituted 3-nitro-4-phenacylchromanes with Zn-based reductive systems, depending on the conditions, affords 4-CF-substituted 1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-]pyrrole 3-oxides, 1,3a,4,9b-tetrahydrochromeno[3,4-]pyrroles, or 1,2,3,3a,4,9b-hexahydrochromeno[3,4-]pyrroles in good yields without changing the relative configuration of the pyran ring. A similar process involving the 2-CCl-substituted 3-nitro-4-phenacylchromanes is accompanied by reductive dehalogenation to form the corresponding 4-dichloromethyl-substituted fused chromanes along with the 3-(2-hydroxyaryl)-2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-5-phenyl-2-pyrroline 1-oxides as pyran ring opening products. The structure and relative configuration of the obtained products was reliably confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis and 2D NMR spectroscopy.

Different Behavior of 2-Substituted 3-Nitro-2-chromenes in the Reaction with Stabilized Azomethine Ylides Generated from α-Iminoesters.

The AgOAc-catalysed reaction of 3-nitro-2-phenyl-2-chromenes with stabilized azomethine ylides generated from the imines based on methyl glycinate and arylaldehydes leads to a mixture of and ' isomers of the corresponding chromeno[3,4-]pyrrolidines in a ratio of 2.0-2.3:1 in 85-93% total yields as a result of a Michael addition/Mannich reaction sequence.

Green and Efficient Construction of Chromeno[3,4-]pyrrole Core via Barton-Zard Reaction from 3-Nitro-2-chromenes and Ethyl Isocyanoacetate.

A regioselective one-pot method for the synthesis of 1-ethyl 2,4-dihydrochromene[3,4-]pyrroles in 63-94% yields from available 2-phenyl-, 2-trifluoro(trichloro)methyl- or 2-phenyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-nitro-2-chromenes and ethyl isocyanoacetate through the Barton-Zard reaction in ethanol at reflux for 0.5 h, using KCO as a base, has been developed.

[Epilepsy and other phenotypic features of X-linked intellectual disability caused by the mutations in the KIAA2022 gene].

Objective: To study the literature data and a series of our cases regarding the epilepsy clinic, electroencephalographic changes and other phenotypic features in X-linked intellectual disability (ID) caused by mutations.

Material And Methods: We analyzed the anamnesis of the disease, using medical records from different Russian medical organizations, as well as the results of the genealogical anamnesis, clinical, genetic, electroencephalographic (EEG) and neuroimaging (brain MRI ) examinations of 7 patients (5 girls and 2 boys aged 5 to 13 years) with a confirmed diagnosis of X-linked ID caused by mutations, in whom the clinical picture of the underlying disease was combined with epilepsy.

Results: The main common phenotypic features of patients with X-linked ID caused by the mutations are mental retardation, lack of phrasal speech, motor developmental delay, and dysmorphism.

Structure and Properties of Cellulose/Mycelium Biocomposites.

The current environmental problems require the use of low-energy, environmentally friendly methods and nature-like technologies for the creation of materials. In this work, we aim to study the possibility of the direct biotransformation of fibrillar cellulose by fungi through obtaining a cellulose/mycelium-based biocomposite. The cellulose micro- and nanofibrils were used as the main carbon sources in the solid-phase cultivation of basidiomycete .