The impact of sleep on factual memory retention over 24 hr.

Although a period of sleep seems to benefit the retention of declarative memories, recent studies have challenged both the size of this effect and its active influence on memory consolidation. This study aimed to further investigate the effect of sleep and its time dependency on the consolidation of factual information. In a within-subjects design, 48 participants (M = 24.

Engineered swift equilibration of a Brownian gyrator.

In the context of stochastic thermodynamics, a minimal model for nonequilibrium steady states has been recently proposed: the Brownian gyrator (BG). It describes the stochastic overdamped motion of a particle in a two-dimensional harmonic potential, as in the classic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, but considering the simultaneous presence of two independent thermal baths. When the two baths have different temperatures, the steady BG exhibits a rotating current, a clear signature of nonequilibrium dynamics.

Efficacy of endoscopic triage during the Covid-19 outbreak and infective risk.

Objective: SARS-CoV-2 outbreak is spreading worldwide. As a consequence of the new circumstances, almost all endoscopic units underwent in-depth reorganization involving patients' selection. We analyzed the efficacy of the newly adopted endoscopic triage.

Breakdown of Scaling and Friction Weakening in Intermittent Granular Flow.

Many materials are produced, processed and stored as grains, while granularity of matter can be crucial in triggering potentially catastrophic geological events like landslides, avalanches and earthquakes. The response of grain assemblies to shear stress is therefore of utmost relevance to both human and natural environment. At low shear rate a granular system flows intermittently by distinct avalanches.

Dynamical Collective Memory in Fluidized Granular Materials.

Recent experiments with rotational diffusion of a probe in a vibrated granular media revealed a rich scenario, ranging from a dilute gas to a dense liquid with cage effects and an unexpected superdiffusive behavior at large times. Here we set up a simulation that reproduces quantitatively the experimental observations and allows us to investigate the properties of the host granular medium, a task not feasible in the experiment. We discover a persistent collective rotational mode which emerges at a high density and a low granular temperature: a macroscopic fraction of the medium slowly rotates, randomly switching direction after very long times.