Prediction of radiological decision errors from longitudinal analysis of gaze and image features.

Medical imaging, particularly radiography, is an indispensable part of diagnosing many chest diseases. Final diagnoses are made by radiologists based on images, but the decision-making process is always associated with a risk of incorrect interpretation. Incorrectly interpreted data can lead to delays in treatment, a prescription of inappropriate therapy, or even a completely missed diagnosis.

A Rare Human Helminth Infection in Russia.

Currently, more than 500,000 cases of various helminthes in humans are reported annually in the Russian Federation. This figure may not reflect the true incidence of helminthes, as only nine separate nosological forms are compulsory notifiable. The rest of the species of detected helminthes are included in a separate category of "other helminthes" or "rare helminthes".

Global Climate Change and Human Dirofilariasis in Russia.

Human dirofilariasis is a vector-borne helminth disease caused by two species of : and . The vectors of the helminth are mosquitoes in the family Culicidae. The definitive hosts of are dogs and, to a lesser extent, cats.

Cell Death and Development of Fibrotic Alterations in Lung Granuloma of BALB/c Mice during Chronic BCG-Induced Granulomatosis.

Light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and morphometric examinations established that cell death in lung granulomas of BCG-infected mice resulted mainly from activation of receptor-mediated apoptosis, which did not prevent the persistence of the causative agent in macrophages of the granulomas and promoted the formation of pronounced fibrosis in granulomas and pulmonary interstitium.

Complex life cycle, broad host range and adaptation strategy of the intranuclear Paramecium symbiont Preeria caryophila comb. nov.

Holospora and related bacteria are a group of obligate Paramecium symbionts. Characteristic features are their infectivity, the presence of two distinct morphotypes, and usually a strict specialization for a single Paramecium species as host and for a nuclear compartment (either somatic or generative nucleus) for reproduction. Holospora caryophila steps out of line, naturally occurring in Paramecium biaurelia and Paramecium caudatum.